The KU Leuven research team led by Professor Debyser has achieved a breakthrough in the treatment of the HIV virus. The researchers developed a new therapeutic method that disables the virus permanently. As a result, patients would only need to take medication for a limited time. The new findings were published in Nature Communications.
In the 1980s, an HIV diagnosis — the virus that causes AIDS — marked the onset of a pandemic that severely affected the gay community. Over the years, thanks to the development of current HIV medications, the number of deaths has significantly declined and the disease is now suppressed. Yet, 600,000 people worldwide still die each year due to HIV-related causes. “The development of HIV medication was a major leap forward, and the number of new infections has drastically dropped. Despite that, we are still dealing with a pandemic,” says Professor of Molecular Medicine Zeger Debyser. “Moreover, current medication suppresses the virus instead of destroying it, leaving patients dependent on treatment for life.”
The KU Leuven team has now discovered a method to not only suppress the virus but make it permanently harmless, meaning patients could fully recover and no longer require lifelong treatment. Because current HIV medication must be taken for life, the stigma remains. With this new approach, which eliminates the virus entirely, treatment would only be needed for a limited period.
Several years ago, Professor Debyser's team already made headlines by disabling the virus’s “GPS system.” “Viruses integrate into specific locations in human DNA, where they hijack our cells to produce as many virus particles as possible,” Debyser explains. “In earlier research, we managed to disable that GPS system, forcing the virus to integrate into random — and less favorable — locations, making it harder for them to spread.”
That method is currently being tested in patients, but it is not always 100% effective. “Sometimes, the virus accidentally ends up in a favorable location in the DNA and can still spread,” explains researcher Eline Pellaers.
“It’s like sending someone into a city by car without GPS, looking for a specific parking spot. They might find a spot by chance — not the one they were looking for, but good enough to park and enter the city.”
The team then looked for a way to eliminate this randomness so that all patients could benefit from the treatment. By tagging the viruses with a barcode, they identified where persistent viruses integrate into the DNA. The new study focused on blocking access to those spots.
“The new approach is based on combination therapy: the first drug disables the car’s GPS so it can’t find the optimal parking spot, and the second drug closes all the other gates so it can’t park anywhere,” Debyser explains.
The major advantage is that the virus particles are put into a deep sleep and can no longer be reactivated. “Unlike current therapies, which only induce a light sleep in the virus, this one renders them completely harmless. Patients can stop treatment after a period without worrying about getting sick again or infecting others,” Pellaers concludes.
This research was conducted on human cells in a laboratory setting. The first treatment using the GPS inhibitor is already in the clinical phase, but further research is required before the combination therapy can be tested in patients.
Lees meer
