FAQ: What are poppers and how do they work

Poppers are liquid chemical substances based on alkyl nitrites (such as amyl nitrite, butyl nitrite, or isopropyl nitrite) that are inhaled to produce a short-lasting, euphoric effect. They are often used as a recreational substance in party scenes and within the LGBTQ+ and fetish communities, particularly due to their muscle-relaxing effects, including the smooth muscles of the blood vessels and the anus.

Historical and Cultural Role

-Rise in the Gay Scene (1970s & 80s)

Poppers became popular in gay nightclubs and sex clubs during the 1970s, a period marked by sexual liberation following the Stonewall riots. They were cheap, legal, and easily accessible.

-Use During the HIV Crisis (1980s & 90s)

During the HIV/AIDS crisis, there was debate over the potential impact of poppers on the immune system. However, no direct link between popper use and HIV infection has ever been scientifically proven. Despite the controversy, poppers continued to play an important role in sexual expression and freedom within the gay community.

-Modern-Day Use (2000s to Present)

Poppers are still widely used today — in club scenes, saunas, and among the fetish and BDSM community. They remain especially popular among gay and bisexual men, but are increasingly used by heterosexual individuals as well.

How Do Poppers Work?

When inhaled, poppers cause blood vessels to dilate and trigger a rapid increase in blood flow, resulting in:
-A brief euphoric sensation
-Muscle relaxation
-Heightened sexual sensation
- A temporary drop in blood pressure, often accompanied by a feeling of warmth or dizziness

The effects usually last 30 seconds to a few minutes.

Are Poppers Legal?

The legality of poppers varies by country:

• In Belgium and the Netherlands, poppers are not classified as illegal drugs, but they may not be sold for human consumption. That’s why they are often marketed as "VCR cleaner" or "liquid incense."

• In the United States, certain types of poppers are banned, depending on individual state laws.

• In the United Kingdom, poppers are not banned, as they do not fall under the Psychoactive Substances Act.

Are Poppers Dangerous?

While poppers are relatively safe when used in moderation, there are some health risks to be aware of:
-Dizziness & headaches: The sudden drop in blood pressure can cause lightheadedness.
-Skin & nasal irritation: Direct contact with the liquid can lead to irritation or chemical burns.
-Dangerous combination with erectile dysfunction medications: Poppers combined with substances like Viagra (sildenafil) can cause a potentially life-threatening drop in blood pressure.
-Excessive use & psychological dependence: Some individuals use poppers habitually during sex, which can lead to psychological reliance.

Conclusion

Poppers have a long-standing history within the gay community, especially in party and sexual settings. They are used for their relaxing and euphoric effects, which can enhance sexual experiences. However, responsible use is important to minimize health risks.